In the past, efforts were made to combat this disease by. Cotton leaf curl viruses clcuv are a number of plant pathogenic virus species of the family geminiviridae in asia and africa the major disease of cotton is caused by the cotton leaf curl geminivirus clcuv. Tobacco leaf curl viruses tlcv are several species of plant pathogenic viruses in the genus begomovirus. This is well supported by phylogentic analysis showing, close clustering of the virus isolate with clcubv. Nov 20, 2019 ziaurrehman m, herrmann h w, hameed u, haider m s, brown j k, 20. Potato leafroll virus plrv is a member of the genus polerovirus and family luteoviridae. More than 15 young farmers of the district have been able to reap a good harvest from the american cotton crop which had been affected badly by a cotton leaf curl virus in early stages of. Cotton is one of the most important crops of pakistan, accounting for over 60% of foreign exchange earnings. Cotton leaf curl virus need not to be afraid of youtube. Cotton leaf curl viruses clcuv are a number of plant pathogenic virus species of the family geminiviridae. The phloem limited positive sense rna virus infects potatoes and other members of the family solanaceae.
The problem is further complicated as the clcud causing virus complex. Breeding resistant varieties is one of the best ways to combat clcud. Several other begomovirus species associated with chilli leaf curl such as cotton leaf curl multan virus, chilli leaf curl multan virus and pepper yellow leaf curl. Leaf curl virus disease of cotton is caused by a complex of whiteflytransmitted geminiviruses circular, singlestranded dna viruses, referred to as cotton leaf curl virus clcuv complex, and one of several associated dna satellites that contribute to helper virus virulence. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv is one of the most wellknown tomatoinfecting begomoviruses and transmitted by bemisia tabaci. Recovery plan cotton leaf curl disease caused by a leaf curl. Subsequent pcrbased studies by various groups established the diversity of clcuv in pakistan, showing that there were more than four distinct, yet closely related, begomovirus species associated with clcud nadeem et al. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud a serious threat to cotton productivity amjad farooq 1, jehanzeb farooq, abid mahmood 1, amir shakeel 2, abdul rehman 3, asia batool 4, muhammad riaz 1, muhammad tasdiq hussain shahid 1 and saira mehboob 4. The sequence comparisons revealed that, this virus isolate share highest nucleotide identity with isolates of cotton leaf curl bangalore virus clcubv ay705380 92. Cultivation of resistant cotton genotypes is the most effective method of reducing yield losses due to clcuv. Ed podleckis, usda aphis, plant protection and quarantine, plant health. Clcuv transmission occurs in sriganganagar rajasthan, an area endemic with cotton leaf curl disease. In pakistan, cotton leaf curl virus clcv was observed near multan in 19674.
Begomovirus, cotton leaf curl disease, cotton leaf curl burewala virus, betasatellite, cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite, transcription background viruses of the geminiviridae family have circular singlestranded ssdna genomes and classify into four genera according to their host range, insect vector and genome organization 1. Cotton leaf curl virus how is cotton leaf curl virus. Association of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its. Cotton leaf curl virus disease clcuvd limits cotton production in many cotton growing countries of the world, including pakistan. Begomovirus, the causative agent of leaf curl disease in cotton plants gossypium hirsutum, is exclusively transmitted by whitefly species bemisia tabaci gennadius hemiptera. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease, persistant. Micro mi rnas, are the endogenous small rnas and play a key role in plant development and stress resistance. Development of cotton leaf curl virus clcuv diagnostic. Later on it was reported from tanzania in 19262 and from sudan in 19343.
Taxonomy navigation begomovirus all lower taxonomy nodes 7 common name isynonym. Functional analysis of cotton leaf curl kokhran viruscotton leaf curl multan betasatellite rna silencing suppressors. In india, chilli has been reported to be infected by several begomoviruses, namely chilli leaf curl virus chilcv, tomato leaf curl new delhi virus tolcndv and tomato leaf curl joydebpur virus khan et al. Chilli leaf curl palampur virus is a distinct begomovirus. In earlier studies, siddig 1969 had stated that the virus. Association of a recombinant cotton leaf curl bangalore virus. Among various known virus controlling strategies, rnaimediated one has shown potential to protect host crop plants. Review article an overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease.
Association of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its associated betasatellite with leaf curl disease of hibiscus rosasinensis in india. Cotton leaf curl virus disease reduces the cotton yield significantly every year and is. Cotton leaf curl is a destructive disease of cotton and several other malvaceous plant species that is transmitted by b. Geminiviral diseases of cotton 127 cotton leaf curl disease a phylogenetic tree based on complete nucleotide sequences of all cotton begomoviruses is shown in figure 3.
Hollyhock leaf crumple virus as of 2015 after ictv. Cotton leaf curl virus has been responsible for yield loss in all affected cotton growing areas in africa since its discovery. Cotton leaf curl geminiviruses cgs are singlestranded dna viruses in the. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud after its first epidemic in 1912 in nigeria, has. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease, persistant challeng for cotton production m. In pakistan, clcuv causes severe damage to gossypium hirsutum whereas g. Usda research yields cotton resistant to top 20 ag threat. As the name suggests, curly top virus of bean plants mimics the symptoms of moisture stress, a plant with curling leaves. Development of cotton leaf curl virus resistant transgenic. Field evaluations of tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistant.
Pdf cotton leaf curl virus disease a principle cause of. The present epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease clcud originated in the punjab region near the city of multan and was first reported in 1985, although it was noted in this region as early as 1967. The present study describes the association of a distinct begomovirus species and a. Influence of plant age, whitefly population and cultivar on infection of cotton plants by. The begomovirus associated with clcud was named cotton leaf curl virus clcuv. Several approaches have been employed to explore putative resistance genes in another cotton species, g. It has some alternate hosts where it survives these alternate hosts are tomato, tobacco, lehli, dhatura, okra, china rose etc. Genome wide identification of cotton gossypium hirsutum. Introduction cotton leaf curl, a viral disease of cotton, was reported for the first time in 1912 from nigeria1. Nov 01, 2011 more than 15 young farmers of the district have been able to reap a good harvest from the american cotton crop which had been affected badly by a cotton leaf curl virus in early stages of.
Analysis of the fulllength sequences of six begomovirus clones showed one to be an isolate of cotton leaf curl kokhran virus clcukv, a virus previously shown to be associated with clcud in the. Dominance of resistancebreaking cotton leaf curl burewala. A survey for viruses causing clcud was conducted during the 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons in the northwestern indian cotton growing belt in the states of punjab, haryana and rajasthan. Mar 30, 2014 cotton leaf curl virus clcuv geminiviridae. However, the exact mechanisms conferring disease resistance in cotton are still unknown. Find 100% cotton software software downloads at cnet, the most comprehensive source for safe, trusted, and spywarefree downloads on the web. Inheritance of cotton leaf curl virus resistance in cotton 299 of future developments, practically involved for efficiently evolving series of virus resistant varieties cim443, cim448, cim1100 etc. Functional analysis of cotton leaf curl kokhran viruscotton leaf. Surprisingly, clcubuv lacks c2, one of the genes present in all previously characterized begomoviruses. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is a serious pathogen causing leaf curl disease and affecting the cotton production in major growing areas. Plant pathology and nematology national cotton council of. Pim7685 is a new clcuvresistant line developed through the use of induced mutation. Caused by cotton leaf curl virus complex begomovirus. C1 gene in antisense orientation gene driven by cauliflower mosaic virus35s promoter and nos nopaline synthase terminator and mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Okra leaf curl cameroon virus as of 2015 after ictv. In the eastern hemisphere, leaf curl disease of cotton occurs in the sahel region of africa, and in india and pakistan where cotton is grown, whereas, in the americas leaf curl crumple disease occurs in cotton growing regions of the us, mexico, and central america. Recombination detection programs and phylogenetic analyses. First detection of cotton leaf curl burewala virus and cognate cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite and gossypium darwinii symptomless alphasatellite in symptomatic luffa cylindrica in pakistan. Nigeria in 1912 pakistan is 5th biggest cotton producer country. Diversity, mutation and recombination analysis of cotton leaf curl. Cotton leaf curl virus is a member of begomovirus and family geminiviridae. Prediction of cotton leaf curl virus disease and its management. Attempts to manage clcud by the control of inoculum reservoirs and vector populations have been ineffective particularly during high inocula pressures. Leaf curl, yellow leaf curl hosts tomato, pepper, eggplant, okra, tobacco, beans, cotton, cucurbits, citrus, and other crops as secondary hosts affected plant stages seedling and vegetative stages affected plant parts whole plant symptoms infected plant has stunted young leaves and shoots. Defense strategies of cotton against whitefly transmitted. Partial sequences of 258 and fulllength sequences of 22 virus genomes were determined. Across pakistan, clcud is currently associated with a single begomovirus cotton leaf curl burewala virus clcubuv and the cotton specific betasatellite cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite clcumub, both of which have recombinant origins.
Pdf reducing disease incidence of cotton leaf curl virus clcuv. Exploration of cotton leaf curl virus resistance genes and. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud is a major limitation to cotton production on the indian subcontinent. Four dnaa variants among pakistani isolates of cotton leaf curl virus and their affinities to dnaa of geminivirus isolates from okra. Cotton leaf curl virus is a single stranded dna virus. Evaluation of cotton leaf curl virus resistance in bc1, bc2, and. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is economically important monopartite geminivirus which is transmitted by whitefly in persistent circulative manner. In addition to curling leaves, beans with curly top disease have foliage that becomes thickened and stiff with leaves that twist and curl upward. Transcript mapping of cotton leaf curl burewala virus and its. Cotton leaf curl multan virus satellite dna beta, complete genome. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease is one of the major limiting factors in cotton production, particularly in widely cultivated gossypium hirsutum varieties that are susceptible to attack by this virus. Icarda usda pakus cotton productivity enhancement programme.
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